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''Gloriana'' is an opera in three acts by Benjamin Britten to an English libretto by William Plomer, based on Lytton Strachey's 1928 ''Elizabeth and Essex: A Tragic History''.〔(''Elizabeth and Essex'', Google books ) at books.google.com. Retrieved 23 December 2012〕 The first performance was presented at the Royal Opera House, London, in 1953 during the celebrations of the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. ''Gloriana'' was the name given by the 16th-century poet Edmund Spenser to his character representing Queen Elizabeth I in his poem ''The Faerie Queene''. It became the popular name given to Elizabeth I. It is recorded that the troops at Tilbury hailed her with cries of "Gloriana, Gloriana, Gloriana", after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588. The opera depicts the relationship between Queen Elizabeth and the Earl of Essex, and was composed for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in June 1953. Several in the audience of its gala opening were disappointed by the opera, which presents the first Elizabeth as a sympathetic, but flawed, character motivated largely by vanity and desire. The premiere was one of Britten's few critical failures, and the opera was not included in the series of complete Decca recordings conducted by the composer. A set of courtly dances from the opera is often performed separately as a concert piece. ==Performance history== On 22 November 1963, the composer's 50th birthday, Bryan Fairfax conducted a concert performance, which was the opera's first performance in any form since its inaugural production in 1953. When the production toured in 1954 to Manchester and Birmingham, Joan Sutherland sang the role of Penelope.〔(【引用サイトリンク】Dame Joan Sutherland / Richard Bonynge )〕The second staging of ''Gloriana'' was undertaken by Sadler's Wells Opera in 1966 with Sylvia Fisher in the title role.〔Rosenthal, p. 221〕 In 1973, at The Proms in London, a concert version under conductor Charles Mackerras was performed and recorded.〔(Information on operadis-opera-discography.org.uk ) "This appears to be a recording of a concert performance given at a PROM in the Royal Albert Hall, London on 2 September 1973"〕 Another eleven years were to pass before a recording appeared, that of 1984 under Mark Elder by the English National Opera.〔 This production also toured to the United States in New York, New Orleans and Texas. Other productions of the opera in Britain have been undertaken by Welsh National Opera in 1992 and by Opera North in 2002. Central City Opera (in Colorado) presented the North American premiere production of the opera in 2001, starring Joyce Castle as Elizabeth I. The Opera Theatre of Saint Louis mounted the work in 2005, with Christine Brewer as Elizabeth I. The Royal Opera House in London presented a 60th anniversary performance, to celebrate both the anniversary and the centenary of Britten's birth in June-July 2013.〔Rupert Christiansen, (''Gloriana'': Britten's problem opera" ), ''The Telegraph'' (London), 16 June 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013〕〔Susan Bullock, ( "Pomp and circumstances: Britten's ''Gloriana'' ), ''The Guardian'' (London), 19 June 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gloriana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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